From 345f54813a2766b577c3de0b03d57de293fc7137 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Hanson Date: Fri, 8 Dec 2000 17:47:19 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Use autoconf for top-level Makefile. --- v7/src/Makefile.in | 138 +++++ v7/src/configure.in | 27 + v7/src/etc/TUTORIAL | 786 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ v7/src/etc/mime.types | 173 ++++++ v7/src/microcode/configure.in | 19 +- v7/src/microcode/makegen/Makefile.in.in | 4 +- v7/src/mkinstalldirs | 40 ++ 7 files changed, 1185 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 v7/src/Makefile.in create mode 100644 v7/src/configure.in create mode 100644 v7/src/etc/TUTORIAL create mode 100644 v7/src/etc/mime.types create mode 100755 v7/src/mkinstalldirs diff --git a/v7/src/Makefile.in b/v7/src/Makefile.in new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95c27bd9f --- /dev/null +++ b/v7/src/Makefile.in @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +# $Id: Makefile.in,v 1.1 2000/12/08 17:47:19 cph Exp $ +# +# Copyright (c) 2000 Massachusetts Institute of Technology +# +# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at +# your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but +# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU +# General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +# Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. + +# **** BEGIN BOILERPLATE **** + +SHELL = @SHELL@ + +@SET_MAKE@ + +srcdir = @srcdir@ +top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@ +VPATH = @srcdir@ +prefix = @prefix@ +exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@ + +bindir = @bindir@ +sbindir = @sbindir@ +libexecdir = @libexecdir@ +datadir = @datadir@ +sysconfdir = @sysconfdir@ +sharedstatedir = @sharedstatedir@ +localstatedir = @localstatedir@ +libdir = @libdir@ +infodir = @infodir@ +mandir = @mandir@ +includedir = @includedir@ +oldincludedir = /usr/include + +DESTDIR = +top_builddir = . + +INSTALL = @INSTALL@ +INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@ +INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@ +INSTALL_SCRIPT = @INSTALL_SCRIPT@ + +ACLOCAL_M4 = $(top_srcdir)/aclocal.m4 +mkinstalldirs = $(SHELL) $(top_srcdir)/mkinstalldirs + +# **** END BOILERPLATE **** + +SUBDIRS = 6001 compiler cref edwin imail microcode \ + rcs runtime runtime-check sf sos win32 + +AUXDIR = $(libdir)/mit-scheme +EDDIR = $(AUXDIR)/edwin + +RUNOPTS = chrsyn cpress format gdbm hashtb krypt mime-codec numint optiondb \ + ordvec process rbtree regexp rgxcmp syncproc wttree ystep +RODIR = $(AUXDIR)/options + +EDOPTS = eystep manual midas nntp pasmod print pwedit pwparse snr sort \ + techinfo telnet tximod verilog vhdl webster +EODIR = $(EDDIR)/autoload + +all: + ( cd microcode && $(MAKE) $@ ) + scheme -compiler -heap 4000 < etc/compile.scm + etc/build-bands.sh + +setup: + ./Setup.sh $(SUBDIRS) + +mostlyclean clean distclean maintainer-clean: + ./Clean.sh $@ $(SUBDIRS) + +tags TAGS: + ./Tags.sh $(SUBDIRS) + +install: all + $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir) + $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR) + $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/SRC + $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/SRC/edwin + $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/SRC/runtime + $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/imail + $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/sos + $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(EDDIR) + $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(EDDIR)/etc + $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(EODIR) + $(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)$(RODIR) + + $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) microcode/scheme $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/. + $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) microcode/bchscheme $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/. + $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) microcode/gcdrone $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/. + + $(INSTALL_DATA) microcode/utabmd.bin $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/. + $(INSTALL_DATA) etc/optiondb.scm $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/. + $(INSTALL_DATA) etc/TUTORIAL $(DESTDIR)$(EDDIR)/etc/. + $(INSTALL_DATA) etc/mime.types $(DESTDIR)$(EDDIR)/etc/. + $(INSTALL_DATA) runtime/*.bci $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/SRC/runtime/. + $(INSTALL_DATA) edwin/*.bci $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/SRC/edwin/. + + @for FN in $(RUN_OPTS); do \ + echo "$(INSTALL_DATA) runtime/$${FN}.com $(DESTDIR)$(RODIR)/.";\ + $(INSTALL_DATA) runtime/$${FN}.com $(DESTDIR)$(RODIR)/.;\ + echo "cd $(DESTDIR)$(RODIR); $(LN_S) ../SRC/runtime/$${FN}.bci .";\ + ( cd $(DESTDIR)$(RODIR); $(LN_S) ../SRC/runtime/$${FN}.bci . );\ + done + + @for FN in $(ED_OPTS); do \ + echo "installing edwin option $${FN}";\ + $(INSTALL_DATA) edwin/$${FN}.com $(DESTDIR)$(EODIR)/.;\ + echo "cd $(DESTDIR)$(EODIR); $(LN_S) ../SRC/edwin/$${FN}.bci .";\ + ( cd $(DESTDIR)$(EODIR); $(LN_S) ../SRC/edwin/$${FN}.bci . );\ + done + + $(INSTALL_DATA) sos/*.com $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/sos/. + $(INSTALL_DATA) sos/*.bci $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/sos/. + @for FN in sos.bco sos.bld load.scm; do \ + echo "$(INSTALL_DATA) sos/$${FN} $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/sos/.";\ + $(INSTALL_DATA) sos/$${FN} $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/sos/.;\ + done + + $(INSTALL_DATA) imail/*.com $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/imail/. + $(INSTALL_DATA) imail/*.bci $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/imail/. + @for FN in imail.bco imail.bld load.scm; do \ + echo "$(INSTALL_DATA) imail/$${FN} $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/imail/.";\ + $(INSTALL_DATA) imail/$${FN} $(DESTDIR)$(AUXDIR)/imail/.;\ + done + +.PHONY: all setup mostlyclean clean distclean maintainer-clean +.PHONY: tags TAGS install diff --git a/v7/src/configure.in b/v7/src/configure.in new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c3b15837 --- /dev/null +++ b/v7/src/configure.in @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. + +dnl Copyright (c) 2000 Massachusetts Institute of Technology +dnl +dnl This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or +dnl modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as +dnl published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the +dnl License, or (at your option) any later version. +dnl +dnl This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +dnl but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +dnl MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU +dnl General Public License for more details. +dnl +dnl You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +dnl along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +dnl Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. + +AC_REVISION([$Id: configure.in,v 1.1 2000/12/08 17:47:19 cph Exp $]) +AC_INIT(microcode/boot.c) + +AC_PROG_INSTALL +AC_PROG_LN_S +AC_PROG_MAKE_SET + +AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS(microcode compiler) +AC_OUTPUT(Makefile) diff --git a/v7/src/etc/TUTORIAL b/v7/src/etc/TUTORIAL new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af520d192 --- /dev/null +++ b/v7/src/etc/TUTORIAL @@ -0,0 +1,786 @@ +Copyright (c) 1985 Free Software Foundation, Inc; See end for conditions. + +You are looking at the Emacs tutorial. It has been enhanced to +include features important to Edwin. + +Emacs commands generally involve the CONTROL key (sometimes labelled +CTRL or CTL) or the META key (sometimes labelled EDIT). Rather than +write out META or CONTROL each time we want you to prefix a character, +we'll use the following abbreviations: + + C- means hold the CONTROL key while typing the character + Thus, C-f would be: hold the CONTROL key and type f. + M- means hold the META or EDIT key down while typing . + If there is no META or EDIT key, type , release it, + then type the character . "" stands for the + key labelled "ALT" or "ESC". + +Important note: to end the Emacs session, type C-x C-c. (Two characters.) +The characters ">>" at the left margin indicate directions for you to +try using a command. For instance: +<> +>> Now type C-v (View next screen) to move to the next screen. + (go ahead, do it by depressing the control key and v together). + From now on, you'll be expected to do this whenever you finish + reading the screen. + +Note that there is an overlap when going from screen to screen; this +provides some continuity when moving through the file. + +The first thing that you need to know is how to move around from +place to place in the file. You already know how to move forward a +screen, with C-v. To move backwards a screen, type M-v (depress the +META key and type v, or type v if you don't have a META or EDIT +key). + +>> Try typing M-v and then C-v to move back and forth a few times. + + +SUMMARY +------- + +The following commands are useful for viewing screenfuls: + + C-v Move forward one screenful + M-v Move backward one screenful + C-l Clear screen and redisplay everything + putting the text near the cursor at the center. + (That's control-L, not control-1. + There is no such character as control-1.) + +>> Find the cursor and remember what text is near it. + Then type a C-l. + Find the cursor again and see what text is near it now. + + +BASIC CURSOR CONTROL +-------------------- + +Getting from screenful to screenful is useful, but how do you +reposition yourself within a given screen to a specific place? +There are several ways you can do this. One way (not the best, but +the most basic) is to use the commands Previous, Backward, Forward +and Next. As you can imagine these commands (which are given to +Emacs as C-p, C-b, C-f, and C-n respectively) move the cursor from +where it currently is to a new place in the given direction. Here, +in a more graphical form are the commands: + + (P)REVIOUS line, C-p + : + : + (B)ACKWARD, C-b .... Current cursor position .... (F)ORWARD, C-f + : + : + (N)EXT line, C-n + +>> Move the cursor to the line in the middle of that diagram + and type C-l to see the whole diagram centered in the screen. + +Rather than using these keys, you may find it easier at first to use +the cursor motion keys with the triangles on them (on the bottom right +of the keyboard). + +>> Move the cursor around using the cursor motion keys. + +>> Move into the line with C-f's and then up with C-p's. + See what C-p does when the cursor is in the middle of the line. + +Lines are separated by Newline characters. For most applications +there should normally be a Newline character at the end of the text, +as well, but it is up to you to make sure of this. A file can +validly exist without a Newline at the end. + +>> Try to C-b at the beginning of a line. Do a few more C-b's. + Then do C-f's back to the end of the line and beyond. + +When you go off the top or bottom of the screen, the text beyond +the edge is shifted onto the screen so that your instructions can +be carried out while keeping the cursor on the screen. + +>> Try to move the cursor off the bottom of the screen with C-n and + see what happens. + +If moving by characters is too slow, you can move by words. M-f +(Meta-f) moves forward a word and M-b moves back a word. + +>> Type a few M-f's and M-b's. Intersperse them with C-f's and C-b's. + +Notice the parallel between C-f and C-b on the one hand, and M-f and +M-b on the other hand. Very often Meta characters are used for +operations related to English text whereas Control characters operate +on the basic textual units that are independent of what you are +editing (characters, lines, etc). There is a similar parallel between +lines and sentences: C-a and C-e move to the beginning or end of a +line, and M-a and M-e move to the beginning or end of a sentence. + +>> Try a couple of C-a's, and then a couple of C-e's. + Try a couple of M-a's, and then a couple of M-e's. + +See how repeated C-a's do nothing, but repeated M-a's keep moving +farther. Do you think that this is right? + +Two other simple cursor motion commands are M-< (Meta Less-than), +which moves to the beginning of the file, and M-> (Meta Greater-than), +which moves to the end of the file. You probably don't need to try +them, since finding this spot again will be boring. On most terminals +the "<" is above the comma and you must use the shift key to type it. +On these terminals you must use the shift key to type M-< also; +without the shift key, you would be typing M-comma. + +The location of the cursor in the text is also called "point". To +paraphrase, the cursor shows on the screen where point is located in +the text. + +Here is a summary of simple moving operations including the word and +sentence moving commands: + + C-f Move forward a character + C-b Move backward a character + + M-f Move forward a word + M-b Move backward a word + + C-n Move to next line + C-p Move to previous line + + C-a Move to beginning of line + C-e Move to end of line + + M-a Move back to beginning of sentence + M-e Move forward to end of sentence + + M-< Go to beginning of file + M-> Go to end of file + +>> Try all of these commands now a few times for practice. + Since the last two will take you away from this screen, + you can come back here with M-v's and C-v's. These are + the most often used commands. + +Like all other commands in Emacs, these commands can be given +arguments which cause them to be executed repeatedly. The way you +give a command a repeat count is by typing C-u and then the digits +before you type the command. If you have a META or EDIT key, you can +omit the C-u if you hold down the META or EDIT key while you type the +digits. This is easier, but we recommend the C-u method because it +works on any terminal. + +For instance, C-u 8 C-f moves forward eight characters. + +>> Try giving a suitable argument to C-n or C-p to come as close + as you can to this line in one jump. + +The only apparent exception to this is the screen moving commands, +C-v and M-v. When given an argument, they scroll the screen up or +down by that many lines, rather than screenfuls. This proves to be +much more useful. + +>> Try typing C-u 8 C-v now. + +Did it scroll the screen up by 8 lines? If you would like to +scroll it down you can give an argument to M-v. + + +STOPPING EDWIN +-------------- + +If you incorrectly type a command, C-g will quit what it was doing +and allow you to enter it in again from scratch. Use C-g to discard +a numeric argument or the beginning of a command that you don't want +to finish. In Scheme or REPL mode, you can cancel a Scheme +evaluation by typing C-c C-c. You can tell if Scheme is evaluating +something by looking at the run-light for the word Eval instead of +Listen. + +>> Type C-u 100 to make a numeric arg of 100, then type C-g. + Now type C-f. How many characters does it move? + If you have typed an by mistake, you can get rid of it + with a C-g. + + +INSERTING AND DELETING +---------------------- + +If you want to insert text, just type it. Characters which you can +see, such as A, 7, *, etc. are taken by Emacs as text and inserted +immediately. Type (the carriage-return key) to insert a +Newline character. + +You can delete the last character you typed by typing . +More generally, deletes the character immediately before the +current cursor position. + +>> Do this now, type a few characters and then delete them + by typing a few times. Don't worry about this file + being changed; you won't affect the master tutorial. This is just + a copy of it. + +>> Now start typing text until you reach the right margin, and keep + typing. When a line of text gets too big for one line on the + screen, the line of text is "continued" onto a second screen line. + The backslash at the right margin indicates a line which has + been continued. +>> Use to delete the text until the line fits on one screen + line again. The continuation line goes away. + +>> Move the cursor to the beginning of a line and type . + This deletes the newline before the line and merges the line onto the + previous line. The resulting line may be too long to fit, in which + case it has a continuation line. + +>> Type to reinsert the Newline you deleted. + +Remember that most Emacs commands can be given a repeat count; +this includes characters which insert themselves. + +>> Try that now -- type C-u 8 * and see what happens. + +You've now learned the most basic way of typing something in +Emacs and correcting errors. You can delete by words or lines +as well. Here is a summary of the delete operations: + + delete the character just before the cursor + C-d delete the next character after the cursor + + M- kill the word immediately before the cursor + M-d kill the next word after the cursor + + C-k kill from the cursor position to end of line + M-k kill to the end of the current sentence + +Notice that and C-d vs M- and M-d extend the parallel +started by C-f and M-f (well, isn't really a control +character, but let's not worry about that). C-k and M-k are like C-e +and M-e, sort of, in that lines are opposite sentences. + +Now suppose you kill something, and then you decide that you want to +get it back? Well, whenever you kill something bigger than a +character, Emacs saves it for you. To yank it back, use C-y. You +can kill text in one place, move elsewhere, and then do C-y; this is +a good way to move text around. Note that the difference +between "Killing" and "Deleting" something is that "Killed" things +can be yanked back, and "Deleted" things cannot. Generally, the +commands that can destroy a lot of text save it, while the ones that +attack only one character, or nothing but blank lines and spaces, do +not save. + +For instance, type C-n a couple times to postion the cursor +at some line on this screen. + +>> Do this now, move the cursor and kill that line with C-k. + +Note that a single C-k kills the contents of the line, and a second +C-k kills the line itself, and make all the other lines move up. If +you give C-k a repeat count, it kills that many lines AND their +contents. + +The text that has just disappeared is saved so that you can +retrieve it. To retrieve the last killed text and put it where +the cursor currently is, type C-y. + +>> Try it; type C-y to yank the text back. + +Think of C-y as if you were yanking something back that someone +took away from you. Notice that if you do several C-k's in a row +the text that is killed is all saved together so that one C-y will +yank all of the lines. + +>> Do this now, type C-k several times. + +Now to retrieve that killed text: + +>> Type C-y. Then move the cursor down a few lines and type C-y + again. You now see how to copy some text. + +What do you do if you have some text you want to yank back, and then +you kill something else? C-y would yank the more recent kill. But +the previous text is not lost. You can get back to it using the M-y +command. After you have done C-y to get the most recent kill, typing +M-Y replaces that yanked text with the previous kill. Typing M-y +again and again brings in earlier and earlier kills. When you +have reached the text you are looking for, you can just go away and +leave it there. If you M-y enough times, you come back to the +starting point (the most recent kill). + +>> Kill a line, move around, kill another line. + Then do C-y to get back the second killed line. + Then do M-y and it will be replaced by the first killed line. + Do more M-y's and see what you get. Keep doing them until + the second kill line comes back, and then a few more. + If you like, you can try giving M-y positive and negative + arguments. + + +Evaluating Scheme Expressions +----------------------------- + +Now that you can insert characters, you can type expressions and have +them evaluated. Read through this sequence of steps and then try +them out. + + 1. Type: C-x b *scheme* to get into an evaluation buffer. + + 2. Type: (+ 1 5) + + 3. Type: C-x C-e to evaluate the expression. Make sure the point +is after the closing paren. + + 4. Notice that the result is always printed into the *scheme* +buffer. + + 5. Type: M-p to access the history. Change a 5 to a 10 and +evaluate the new expression agian. + + 6. Type: C-x b TUTORIAL to get back to this screen. + +>> Now try these steps out. + +UNDO +---- + +Any time you make a change to the text and wish you had not done so, +you can undo the change (return the text to its previous state) +with the undo command, C-x u. Normally, C-x u undoes one command's +worth of changes; if you repeat the C-x u several times in a row, +each time undoes one more command. There are two exceptions: +commands that made no change (just moved the cursor) do not count, +and self-inserting characters are often lumped together in groups +of up to 20. This is to reduce the number of C-x u's you have to type. + +>> Kill this line with C-k, then type C-x u and it should reappear. + +C-_ is another command for undoing; it is just the same as C-x u +but easier to type several times in a row. The problem with C-_ is +that on some keyboards it is not obvious how to type it. That is +why C-x u is provided as well. On some DEC terminals, you can type +C-_ by typing / while holding down CTRL. Illogical, but what can +you expect from DEC? + +Giving a numeric argument to C-_ or C-x u is equivalent to repeating +it as many times as the argument says. + + +FILES +----- + +In order to make the text you edit permanent, you must put it in a +file. Otherwise, it will go away when your invocation of Emacs goes +away. You put your editing in a file by "finding" the file. What +finding means is that you see the contents of the file in your Emacs; +and, loosely speaking, what you are editing is the file itself. +However, the changes still don't become permanent until you "save" the +file. This is so you can have control to avoid leaving a half-changed +file around when you don't want to. Even then, Emacs leaves the +original file under a changed name in case your changes turn out +to be a mistake. + +If you look near the bottom of the screen you will see a line that +begins and ends with dashes, and contains the string "Emacs: TUTORIAL". +Your copy of the Emacs tutorial is called "TUTORIAL". Whatever +file you find, that file's name will appear in that precise +spot. + +The commands for finding and saving files are unlike the other +commands you have learned in that they consist of two characters. +They both start with the character Control-x. There is a whole series +of commands that start with Control-x; many of them have to do with +files, buffers, and related things, and all of them consist of +Control-x followed by some other character. + +Another thing about the command for finding a file is that you have +to say what file name you want. We say the command "reads an argument +from the terminal" (in this case, the argument is the name of the +file). After you type the command + + C-x C-f Find a file + +Emacs asks you to type the file name. It echoes on the bottom +line of the screen. You are using the minibuffer now! this is +what the minibuffer is for. When you type to end the +file name, the minibuffer is no longer needed, so it disappears. + +>> Type C-x C-f, then type C-g. This cancels the minibuffer, + and also cancels the C-x C-f command that was using the + minibuffer. So you do not find any file. + +In a little while the file contents appear on the screen. You can +edit the contents. When you wish to make the changes permanent, +issue the command + + C-x C-s Save the file + +The contents of Emacs are written into the file. The first time you +do this, the original file is renamed to a new name so that it +is not lost. The new name is made by appending "~" to the end +of the original file's name. + +When saving is finished, Emacs prints the name of the file written. +You should save fairly often, so that you will not lose very much +work if the system should crash. + +>> Type C-x C-s, saving your copy of the tutorial. + This should print "Wrote .../TUTORIAL" at the bottom of the screen. + On VMS it will print "Wrote ...[...]TUTORIAL." + +To make a new file, just find it "as if" it already existed. Then +start typing in the text. When you ask to "save" the file, Emacs +will really create the file with the text that you have inserted. +From then on, you can consider yourself to be editing an already +existing file. + + +BUFFERS +------- + +If you find a second file with C-x C-f, the first file remains +inside Emacs. You can switch back to it by finding it again with +C-x C-f. This way you can get quite a number of files inside Emacs. + +The object inside Emacs which holds the text read from one file +is called a "buffer." Finding a file makes a new buffer inside Emacs. +To see a list of the buffers that exist in Emacs, type + + C-x C-b List buffers + +>> Try C-x C-b now. + +See how each buffer has a name, and it may also have a file name +for the file whose contents it holds. Some buffers do not correspond +to files. For example, the buffer named "*Buffer List*" does +not have any file. It is the buffer which contains the buffer +list that was made by C-x C-b. ANY text you see in an Emacs window +has to be in some buffer. + +>> Type C-x 1 to get rid of the buffer list. + +If you make changes to the text of one file, then find another file, +this does not save the first file. Its changes remain inside Emacs, +in that file's buffer. The creation or editing of the second file's +buffer has no effect on the first file's buffer. This is very useful, +but it also means that you need a convenient way to save the first +file's buffer. It would be a nuisance to have to switch back to +it with C-x C-f in order to save it with C-x C-s. So we have + + C-x s Save some buffers + +C-x s goes through the list of all the buffers you have +and finds the ones that contain files you have changed. +For each such buffer, C-x s asks you whether to save it. + + +EXTENDING THE COMMAND SET +------------------------- + +There are many, many more Emacs commands than could possibly be put +on all the control and meta characters. Emacs gets around this with +the X (eXtend) command. This comes in two flavors: + + C-x Character eXtend. Followed by one character. + M-x Named command eXtend. Followed by a long name. + +These are commands that are generally useful but used less than the +commands you have already learned about. You have already seen two +of them: the file commands C-x C-f to Find and C-x C-s to Save. +Another example is the command to tell Emacs that you'd like to stop +editing and get rid of Emacs. The command to do this is C-x C-c. +(Don't worry; it offers to save each changed file before it kills the +Emacs.) + +C-z is the usual way to exit Emacs, because it is always better not to +kill the Emacs if you are going to do any more editing. On systems +which allow it, C-z exits from Emacs to the shell but does not destroy +the Emacs; if you use the C shell, you can resume Emacs with the `fg' +command (or, more generally, with `%emacs', which works even if your +most recent job was some other). On systems where suspending is not +possible, C-z creates a subshell running under Emacs to give you the +chance to run other programs and return to Emacs afterward, but it +does not truly "exit" from Emacs. In this case, the shell command +`exit' is the usual way to get back to Emacs from the subshell. + +You would use C-x C-c if you were about to log out. You would +also use it to exit an Emacs invoked under mail handling programs +and other random utilities, since they may not believe you have +really finished using the Emacs if it continues to exist. + +There are many C-x commands. The ones you know are: + + C-x C-f Find file. + C-x C-s Save file. + C-x C-b List buffers. + C-x C-c Quit Emacs. + C-x u Undo. + +Named eXtended commands are commands which are used even less +frequently, or commands which are used only in certain modes. These +commands are usually called "functions". An example is the function +replace-string, which globally replaces one string with another. When +you type M-x, Emacs prompts you at the bottom of the screen with +M-x and you should type the name of the function you wish to call; in +this case, "replace-string". Just type "repl s" and Emacs will +complete the name. End the command name with . +Then type the two "arguments"--the string to be replaced, and the string +to replace it with--each one ended with a Return. + +>> Move the cursor to the blank line two lines below this one. + Then type M-x repl schangedaltered. + + Notice how this line has changed: you've replaced + the word c-h-a-n-g-e-d with "altered" wherever it occured + after the cursor. + + +MODE LINE +--------- + +If Emacs sees that you are typing commands slowly it shows them to you +at the bottom of the screen in an area called the "echo area." The echo +area contains the bottom line of the screen. The line immediately above +it is called the MODE LINE. The mode line says something like + +--**--Emacs: TUTORIAL (Fundamental)----58%------------- + +This is a very useful "information" line. + +You already know what the filename means--it is the file you have +found. What the --NN%-- means is that NN percent of the file is +above the top of the screen. If the top of the file is on the screen, +it will say --TOP-- instead of --00%--. If the bottom of the file is +on the screen, it will say --BOT--. If you are looking at a file so +small it all fits on the screen, it says --ALL--. + +The stars near the front mean that you have made changes to the text. +Right after you visit or save a file, there are no stars, just dashes. + +The part of the mode line inside the parentheses is to tell you what +modes you are in. The default mode is Fundamental which is what you +are in now. It is an example of a "major mode". There are several +major modes in Emacs for editing different languages and text, such +as Scheme mode, Text mode, etc. At any time one and only one major +mode is active, and its name can always be found in the mode line +just where "Fundamental" is now. Each major mode makes a few +commands behave differently. For example, there are commands for +creating comments in a program, and since each programming language +has a different idea of what a comment should look like, each major +mode has to insert comments differently. Each major mode is the name +of an extended command, which is how you get into the mode. For +example, M-X fundamental-mode is how to get into Fundamental mode. + +If you are going to be editing Scheme code, you should probably use +Text Mode. + +>> Type M-x scheme-mode. + +To get documentation on your current major mode, type C-h m. + +>> Use C-u C-v once or more to bring this line near the top of screen. +>> Type C-h m, to see how Scheme mode differs from Fundamental mode. +>> Type C-x 1 to remove the documentation from the screen. + +Major modes are called major because there are also minor modes. +They are called minor because they aren't alternatives to the major +modes, just minor modifications of them. Each minor mode can be +turned on or off by itself, regardless of what major mode you are in, +and regardless of the other minor modes. So you can use no minor +modes, or one minor mode, or any combination of several minor modes. + +SEARCHING +--------- + +Emacs can do searches for strings (these are groups of contiguous +characters or words) either forward through the file or backward +through it. To search for the string means that you are trying to +locate it somewhere in the file and have Emacs show you where the +occurrences of the string exist. This type of search is somewhat +different from what you may be familiar with. It is a search that is +performed as you type in the thing to search for. The command to +initiate a search is C-s for forward search, and C-r for reverse +search. BUT WAIT! Don't do them now. When you type C-s you'll +notice that the string "I-search" appears as a prompt in the echo +area. This tells you that Emacs is in what is called an incremental +search waiting for you to type the thing that you want to search for. + terminates a search. + +>> Now type C-s to start a search. SLOWLY, one letter at a time, + type the word 'cursor', pausing after you type each + character to notice what happens to the cursor. +>> Type C-s to find the next occurrence of "cursor". +>> Now type four times and see how the cursor moves. +>> Type to terminate the search. + +Did you see what happened? Emacs, in an incremental search, tries to +go to the occurrence of the string that you've typed out so far. To go +to the next occurrence of 'cursor' just type C-s again. If no such +occurrence exists Emacs beeps and tells you that it is a failing +search. C-g would also terminate the search. + +If you are in the middle of an incremental search and type , +you'll notice that the last character in the search string is erased +and the search backs up to the last place of the search. For +instance, suppose you currently have typed 'cu' and you see that your +cursor is at the first occurrence of 'cu'. If you now type , +the 'u' on the search line is erased and you'll be repositioned in the +text to the occurrence of 'c' where the search took you before you +typed the 'u'. This provides a useful means for backing up while you +are searching. + +If you are in the middle of a search and happen to type a control +character (other than a C-s or C-r, which tell Emacs to search for the +next occurrence of the string), the search is terminated. + +The C-s starts a search that looks for any occurrence of the search +string AFTER the current cursor position. But what if you want to +search for something earlier in the text? To do this, type C-r for +Reverse search. Everything that applies to C-s applies to C-r except +that the direction of the search is reversed. + + +RECURSIVE EDITING LEVELS +------------------------ + +Sometimes you will get into what is called a "recursive editing +level". This is indicated by square brackets in the mode line, +surrounding the parentheses around the major mode name. For +example, you might see [(Fundamental)] instead of (Fundamental). + +To get out of the recursive editing level, type + M-x top-level. + +>> Try that now; it should display "Back to top level" + at the bottom of the screen. + +In fact, you were ALREADY at top level (not inside a recursive editing +level) if you have obeyed instructions. M-x top-level does not care; +it gets out of any number of recursive editing levels, perhaps zero, +to get back to top level. + +You can't use C-g to get out of a recursive editing level because C-g +is used for discarding numeric arguments and partially typed commands +WITHIN the recursive editing level. + + +WINDOWS +------- + +Emacs can have several windows, each displaying its own text. +At this stage it is better not to go into the techniques of +using multiple windows. But you do need to know how to get +rid of extra windows that may appear to display help or +output from certain commands. It is simple: + + C-x 1 One window (i.e., kill all other windows). + +That is Control-x followed by the digit 1. +C-x 1 makes the window which the cursor is in become +the full screen, by getting rid of any other windows. + +>> Move the cursor to this line and type C-u 0 C-l. +>> Type Control-h k Control-f. + See how this window shrinks, while a new one appears + to display documentation on the Control-f command. + +>> Type C-x 1 and see the documentation listing window disappear. + + +GETTING MORE HELP +----------------- + +In this tutorial we have tried to supply just enough information to +get you started using Emacs. There is so much available in Emacs that +it would be impossible to explain it all here. However, you may want +to learn more about Emacs since it has numerous desirable features +that you don't know about yet. Emacs has a great deal of internal +documentation. All of these commands can be accessed through +the character Control-h, which we call "the Help character" +because of the function it serves. + +To use the HELP features, type the C-h character, and then a +character saying what kind of help you want. If you are REALLY lost, +type C-h ? and Emacs will tell you what kinds of help it can give. +If you have typed C-h and decide you don't want any help, just +type C-G to cancel it. + +The most basic HELP feature is C-h c. Type C-h, a c, and a +command character or sequence, and Emacs displays a very brief +description of the command. + +>> Type C-h c Control-p. + The message should be something like + + C-p runs the command previous-line + +This tells you the "name of the function". That is important in +writing Lisp code to extend Emacs; it also is enough to remind +you of what the command does if you have seen it before but did +not remember. + +Multi-character commands such as C-x C-s and (if you have no META or +EDIT key) v are also allowed after C-h c. + +To get more information on the command, use C-h k instead of C-h c. + +>> Type C-h k Control-p. + +This displays the documentation of the function, as well as its name, +in an Emacs window. When you are finished reading the output, type +C-x 1 to get rid of the help text. You do not have to do this right +away. You can do some editing based on the help text before you type +C-x 1. + +Here are some other useful C-h options: + + C-h f Describe a function. You type in the name of the + function. + +>> Try typing C-h f previous-line. + This prints all the information Emacs has about the + function which implements the C-P command. + + C-h a Command Apropos. Type in a keyword and Emacs will list + all the commands whose names contain that keyword. + These commands can all be invoked with Meta-x. + For some commands, Command Apropos will also list a one + or two character sequence which has the same effect. + +>> Type C-h a file. You will see a list of all M-x commands +with "file" in their names. You will also see commands +like C-x C-f and C-x C-w, listed beside the command names +find-file and write-file. + + +CONCLUSION +---------- + +Remember, to exit Emacs permanently use C-x C-c. To exit to a shell +temporarily, so that you can come back in, use C-z. + +This tutorial is meant to be understandable to all new users, so if +you found something unclear, don't sit and blame yourself - complain! + + +COPYING +------- + +This tutorial descends from a long line of Emacs tutorials +starting with the one written by Stuart Cracraft for the original Emacs. + +This version of the tutorial, like GNU Emacs, is copyrighted, and +comes with permission to distribute copies on certain conditions: + +Copyright (c) 1985 Free Software Foundation + + Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies + of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the + copyright notice and permission notice are preserved, + and that the distributor grants the recipient permission + for further redistribution as permitted by this notice. + + Permission is granted to distribute modified versions + of this document, or of portions of it, + under the above conditions, provided also that they + carry prominent notices stating who last altered them. + +The conditions for copying Emacs itself are slightly different +but in the same spirit. Please read the file COPYING and then +do give copies of GNU Emacs to your friends. +Help stamp out software obstructionism ("ownership") by using, +writing, and sharing free software! diff --git a/v7/src/etc/mime.types b/v7/src/etc/mime.types new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f21a242e --- /dev/null +++ b/v7/src/etc/mime.types @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +############################################################################### +# +# MIME-TYPES and the extensions that represent them +# +# This file is part of the "mime-support" package. Please send email (not a +# bug report) to mime-support@packages.debian.org if you would like new types +# and/or extensions to be added. +# +# Note: Compression schemes like "gzip", "bzip", and "compress" are not +# actually "mime-types". They are "encodings" and hence must _not_ have +# entries in this file to map their extensions. The "mime-type" of an +# encoded file refers to the type of data that has been encoded, not the +# type of the encoding. +# +############################################################################### + + +application/activemessage +application/andrew-inset +application/applefile +application/atomicmail +application/cu-seeme csm cu +application/dca-rft +application/dec-dx +application/dsptype tsp +application/excel xls +application/futuresplash spl +application/ghostview +application/mac-binhex40 hqx +application/macwriteii +application/msword doc dot +application/news-message-id +application/news-transmission +application/octet-stream bin +application/oda oda +application/pdf pdf +application/pgp-signature pgp +application/postscript ps ai eps +application/powerpoint ppt +application/remote-printing +application/rtf rtf +application/slate +application/wita +application/wordperfect5.1 wp5 +application/zip zip +application/x-123 wk +application/x-bcpio bcpio +application/x-chess-pgn pgn +application/x-core +application/x-cpio cpio +application/x-csh +application/x-debian-package deb +application/x-director dcr dir dxr +application/x-dvi dvi +application/x-executable +application/x-font pfa pfb gsf pcf pcf.Z +application/x-gtar gtar tgz +application/x-hdf hdf +application/x-httpd-php phtml pht php +application/x-httpd-php3 php3 +application/x-httpd-php3-source phps +application/x-httpd-php3-preprocessed php3p +application/x-java class +application/x-kdelnk +application/x-latex latex +application/x-maker frm maker frame fm fb book fbdoc +application/x-mif mif +application/x-msdos-program com exe bat dll +application/x-netcdf nc cdf +application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig pac +application/x-object o +application/x-perl pl pm +application/x-rx +application/x-sh +application/x-shar shar +application/x-shellscript +application/x-shockwave-flash swf swfl +application/x-stuffit sit +application/x-sv4cpio sv4cpio +application/x-sv4crc sv4crc +application/x-tar tar +application/x-tcl +application/x-tex +application/x-tex-gf gf +application/x-tex-pk pk PK +application/x-texinfo texinfo texi +application/x-trash ~ % bak old sik +application/x-troff t tr roff +application/x-troff-man man +application/x-troff-me me +application/x-troff-ms ms +application/x-ustar ustar +application/x-wais-source src +application/x-wingz wz + +audio/basic au snd +audio/midi mid midi +audio/mpeg mpga mpega mp2 mp3 +audio/mpegurl m3u +audio/x-aiff aif aiff aifc +audio/x-gsm gsm +audio/x-pn-realaudio ra rm ram +audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin rpm +audio/x-wav wav + +image/gif gif +image/ief ief +image/jpeg jpeg jpg jpe +image/png png +image/tiff tiff tif +image/x-cmu-raster ras +image/x-ms-bmp bmp +image/x-portable-anymap pnm +image/x-portable-bitmap pbm +image/x-portable-graymap pgm +image/x-portable-pixmap ppm +image/x-rgb rgb +image/x-xbitmap xbm +image/x-xpixmap xpm +image/x-xwindowdump xwd + +inode/chardevice +inode/blockdevice +inode/directory-locked +inode/directory +inode/fifo +inode/socket + +message/external-body +message/news +message/partial +message/rfc822 + +multipart/alternative +multipart/appledouble +multipart/digest +multipart/mixed +multipart/parallel + +text/comma-separated-values csv +text/english +text/html html htm +text/mathml mml +text/plain txt +text/richtext rtx +text/tab-separated-values tsv +text/x-c++hdr h++ hpp hxx hh +text/x-c++src c++ cpp cxx cc +text/x-chdr h +text/x-crontab +text/x-csh csh +text/x-csrc c +text/x-java java +text/x-makefile +text/x-moc moc +text/x-pascal p pas +text/x-setext etx +text/x-sh sh +text/x-tcl tcl tk +text/x-tex tex ltx sty cls +text/x-vCalendar vcs +text/x-vCard vcf + +video/dl dl +video/fli fli +video/gl gl +video/mpeg mpeg mpg mpe +video/quicktime qt mov +video/x-ms-asf asf asx +video/x-msvideo avi +video/x-sgi-movie movie + +x-world/x-vrml vrm vrml wrl diff --git a/v7/src/microcode/configure.in b/v7/src/microcode/configure.in index 8497b2868..d38747c92 100644 --- a/v7/src/microcode/configure.in +++ b/v7/src/microcode/configure.in @@ -1,5 +1,22 @@ dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. -AC_REVISION($Id: configure.in,v 11.2 2000/12/06 05:39:04 cph Exp $)dnl + +dnl Copyright (c) 2000 Massachusetts Institute of Technology +dnl +dnl This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or +dnl modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as +dnl published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the +dnl License, or (at your option) any later version. +dnl +dnl This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +dnl but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +dnl MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU +dnl General Public License for more details. +dnl +dnl You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +dnl along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +dnl Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. + +AC_REVISION([$Id: configure.in,v 11.3 2000/12/08 17:47:19 cph Exp $]) AC_INIT(boot.c) AC_CONFIG_HEADER(config.h) diff --git a/v7/src/microcode/makegen/Makefile.in.in b/v7/src/microcode/makegen/Makefile.in.in index 3e8b57710..38c9c7d3f 100644 --- a/v7/src/microcode/makegen/Makefile.in.in +++ b/v7/src/microcode/makegen/Makefile.in.in @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# $Id: Makefile.in.in,v 1.10 2000/12/08 02:52:14 cph Exp $ +# $Id: Makefile.in.in,v 1.11 2000/12/08 17:47:19 cph Exp $ # # Copyright (c) 2000 Massachusetts Institute of Technology # @@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ SHELL = @SHELL@ +@SET_MAKE@ + srcdir = @srcdir@ top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@ VPATH = @srcdir@ diff --git a/v7/src/mkinstalldirs b/v7/src/mkinstalldirs new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7db611fe7 --- /dev/null +++ b/v7/src/mkinstalldirs @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +#! /bin/sh +# mkinstalldirs --- make directory hierarchy +# Author: Noah Friedman +# Created: 1993-05-16 +# Public domain + +# $Id: mkinstalldirs,v 1.1 2000/12/08 17:47:19 cph Exp $ + +errstatus=0 + +for file +do + set fnord `echo ":$file" | sed -ne 's/^:\//#/;s/^://;s/\// /g;s/^#/\//;p'` + shift + + pathcomp= + for d + do + pathcomp="$pathcomp$d" + case "$pathcomp" in + -* ) pathcomp=./$pathcomp ;; + esac + + if test ! -d "$pathcomp"; then + echo "mkdir $pathcomp" + + mkdir "$pathcomp" || lasterr=$? + + if test ! -d "$pathcomp"; then + errstatus=$lasterr + fi + fi + + pathcomp="$pathcomp/" + done +done + +exit $errstatus + +# mkinstalldirs ends here -- 2.25.1